Water Works: IBM Demos New Way To Cool Chips
"As we package chips on top of each other to significantly speed a processor's capability to process data, we have found that conventional coolers attached to the back of a chip don't scale," said Thomas Brunschwiler, project leader at IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory. "Until now, nobody has demonstrated viable solutions to this problem."
Brunschwiler and other IBM researchers piped water into cooling structures as thin as a human hair (50 microns) between the individual chip layers to remove heat efficiently at the source. The 3-D chip stacks would have an aggregated heat dissipation of close to 1 kilowatt--10 times greater than the heat generated by a hot plate--with an area of 4 square centimeters and a thickness of about 1 millimeter.
The researchers said they overcame technical challenges by designing a system that maximizes the water flow through the layers. They also hermetically sealed the interconnects to prevent water from causing electrical shorts.
Brunschwiler and researchers are now working to optimize cooling systems for even smaller chip dimensions and more interconnects. In addition, they are investigating sophisticated structures for hot-spot cooling.
The research was conducted in IBM labs in Zurich, Switzerland, in collaboration with The Fraunhofer Institute based in Berlin.
"This truly constitutes a breakthrough," said Bruno Michel, manager of the chip cooling research at the IBM Zurich Lab. "With classic backside cooling, the stacking of two or more high-power density logic layers would be impossible."