Build a Mini-ITX Personal Video Recorder
The problem is that no consumer wants to see PC hardware--or hear fan noise--in their living room or den. That's where Mini-ITX hardware shines. Built in a case that looks more like a set-top box than a PC, Mini-ITX supports both major operating systems and runs PVR software cool and quiet.
In this article, I will detail all the parts you need to build your own sleek looking PVR. I will explain some of the detail about video capture hardware, as well as provide some tips about a popular Linux software selection and its configuration.
Having PC power as a part of your entertainment center opens up a whole world of computing possibilities. And the build is clean and simple with Mini-ITX. Let's begin.
WHAT IS MINI-ITX?
At the heart of our PVR is a mini-ITX mainboard, what standard PC builders would call a motherboard. In fact, it's much the same as a standard ATX motherboard, though with a few notable exceptions: It's obviously smaller; processors are not upgradable, there are typically fewer expansion slots, and it's typically a bit pricier than a common motherboard.
For most mini-ITX applications, these are not major issues. Rather, they can be thought of as the trade-off for a compact and quiet system.
Mini-ITX's ultra-compact (6.7 x 6.7 in.) mainboard form-factor was developed by Via Technologies. The company remains a leader in mini-ITX innovation and manufacturing.
The highly integrated features of mini-ITX make these mainboards popular for building information and entertainment systems that are powerful, quiet and, of course, small. Less than one third the size of the FlexATX motherboard--the smallest of the ATX family--to be exact.
Innovative cases and power supplies allow these systems to be used in cars, kiosks, digital signage and other places. Essentially, they permit embedded applications and appliance computing where you need the power of a PC, but not the size, noise and heat.
Here is a summary of the good points about mini-ITX:
- Ultra Compact: Form factor of just 170 mm. x 170 mm. (6.7 in. x 6.7 in.).
- Highly Integrated: Boards carry an onboard processor, integrated I/O, etc.
- Efficient: Low power consumption, cool operation.
- OS-Compatible: Supports both Microsoft and Linux operating systems.
- Modular: Integrates with standard components.
- Secure: Features onboard encryption technology.
- Quiet: Smaller means less noise. Fanless mini-ITX offers even less noise.
- Compatible Interfaces: Supports SATA drives, DIMM memory, PCI cars, USB and Firewire peripherals, etc.
Things to consider before implementing a mini-ITX solution:
- Not Upgradeable: To reduce cost of manufacture, CPU and board are one. The ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket on most modern motherboards makes up a significant part of the manufacture cost. The EPIA mainboards, like the one in this Recipe, have an integrated CPU to reduce costs and streamline production.
- Limited Expandability: Typical cases have limited real estate. It's the cost of going small. Power supplies can be as small as 60 watts, limiting the addition of peripherals. Boards have minimal PCI slots available, too.
- Costs More: An integrated mini-ITX mainboard is likely to be more expensive than a comparable ATX motherboard/CPU bundle.
PVR PARTS LIST
Let's take a look at our choices for components for our compact PVR and I'll explain a bit about why these parts are a good fit for our recipe.
Mainboard: Via EPIA-SP13000 Compact mini-ITX form factor with VGA with S-VideoComposite TV-Out; 168-pin DIMM memory sockets (2); 10/100 LAN; AGP2X with 2D/3D Graphics Acceleration with motion compensation for DVD playback; Sound Blaster Pro Compatible Audio; and one PCI slot and two USB 1.1 ports to which an optional 2-port USB 1.1 module may be added. Chosen for its on-board data encryption engine.
Memory: Kingston KVR400X64C3A/512 (512 MB, 400 MHz) DDR DIMM. This is reliable and affordable.
Case and Power Supply: Travla Model c158 with 90-watt power supply and holders for media and hard drive. Chosen for its solid construction, power rating and good looks. (Back I/O panel supplied with motherboard.)
Hard Disk: I chose Seagate's Barracuda ST3300831A, 300 GB with 8MB cache. Provides high speed, capacity and reliable data storage.
CD/DVD burner: Quanta's SDW-082 Slimline CD-RW and 8x +/-DVD writer
Video Card: Hauppauge WinTV-PVR 350 With its onboard MPEG encoder/decoder hardware, this card offloads much of the work normally done by the processor. The MPEG-1/2 hardware encoder/decoder is a must for operation without the power of a high-end processor. Comes with an infra-red remote control transmitter and receiver.
Slimline CDR-to-ATA Adapter: This is needed because the Quanta SDW-082 has a slimline design for laptop and notebook connecters.
Keyboard, Mouse and Monitor: You'll want a standard PS/2 keyboard, mouse and VGA monitor around for software installation and configuration. But you may not want to make these permanent parts of an entertainment system.
PVR SOFTWARE
My choice for PVR software: iMedia MythTV. The default MythTV template on iMedia Embedded linux automatically installs the drivers needed for mythtv running on VIA mini-ITX mainboard with a Hauppauge PVR card.
This template also configures 2d/3d and MPEG hardware acceleration on VIA boards and has the latest drivers for hauppauge cards (including firmware).
Here are some features of iMedia MythTV I especially like:
- It's based on stable and popular MythTV 0.21 svn release 13181.
- Small distribution size, about 128 Mb.
- Silent graphical booting and automatically loading of MythTV.
- Supports MPEG and 2D/3D acceleration on all Via Epia mainboards.
- Provides the latest video drivers for VIA Unichorme chipsets.
- Supports Hauppauge IR and serial remotes.
- Runs MythTV out-of-the-box for EPIA mainboards with Hauppauge PVR capture cards.
- Menu-driven installation automatically installs the drivers needed for MythTV.
- Network updates are provided via FTP or HTTP.
- Zero CPU utilization for full-screen MPEG playback on VIA boards.
HARDWARE ASSEMBLY
Assembling a mini-ITX box follows all the same principles as a standard ATX PC build, but with particular attention to space and some different looking parts. For example, while mini-ITX mainboards may support a PCI card, most cases are styled too flat to support the card's full height. To address this issue, cases come with a horizontal riser to reorient the card horizontally.
It's clear that most mini-ITX cases are built to take full advantage of the small format to present a correspondingly small footprint. This means that, as with PCI cards, components like media drives are frequently located directly over each other and perhaps the mainboard, as well. This presents a dense configuration of parts and close quarters in which to work. The result, however, is a powerful, compatible system in a small and stylish package that looks and works well.
Mini-ITX is cool and quiet. An interesting difference from standard ATX formats is that mini-ITX components are designed to run cool and, unless you have a special application, e.g., constant drive access or limited access to outside airflow, systems can run with minimum cooling and, in many cases, no fan at all!
Here are the 13 steps to assemble our mini-ITX PVR:
(Before you begin assembly, it's a good idea to download Via's detailed product manual. Only Quick Start directions come packaged with VIA's mainboard.)
- Install Memory: First, unlock the DIMM socket by pressing the retaining clips outward. Next, align a DIMM on the socket w/notch over break in the socket. Then firmly insert the DIMM into the socket until retaining clips engage. Repeat for the second DIMM.
- Install IDE Cables: Connect the drive cable with the red stripe aligned with pin 1 on the socket. Repeat for the second device.
- Remove both the case cover and the drive filler panel.
- Remove the media drive holder from the case. Then install the media drive on the holder.
- Remove the hard-drive holder from the case. Then install the hard drive on the holder.
- Install the mainboard and I/O gasket (back panel) in the case.
- Connect the pinheader.
- Locate the mainboard in chasis to connect LEDs, reset switch, etc.
- Connect the power supply.
- Connect and mount the media drive with holder.
- Connect and mount hard drive with holder.
- Inspect all connections carefully. Then replace the cover.
- Connect PS/2 keyboard, mouse and monitor.
INSTALL iMEDIA LINUX
Installing iMedia Linux is very simple due to its menu driven installation. Just follow these 6 easy steps:
- Download the software from iMedia, and create an ISO CD image.
- Insert the CD in the PVR, and power-up the system.
- Choose the architecture type (target machine hardware). Installation shows the size of the minimal installation.
- Choose a device on which to install the distribution (typically, the hard drive).
- Choose to format the drive, and it will be automatically partitioned.
- Select software to install.
At this point, users can choose to install sets of software support or custom-install individual packages. During the installation, a progress bar will show you the progress of each package's installation.
Once the software packages and Linux distribution has been installed, you will be guided through these final 3 steps:
- Set up networking, choosing dynamic address assignment (DHCP) or static.
- Add more users, change settings, or add options for password, Linux shell, home directory, etc.
- Make any additional changes to the system with iMedia's sysadmin package to configure your system options or add/update packages.
At this point the installation is complete. Your mini-ITX PVR will boot up iMedia MythTV software.
To learn more about how to use MythTV, view this iMedia documents list.
LEARN MORE: VALUABLE MINI-ITX RESOURCES
Here are a few of my favorite mini-ITX related sites and documents:
- Download this white paper for VIA's original definition of the mini-ITX form-factor.
- Mini-ITX.com: Visit this site for mini-ITX news and projects. You'll also find comprehensive coverage of mini-ITX hardware, along with a mini-ITX FAQ.
- LinITX.org: On this portal for running Linux on mini-ITX solutions, you'll find forums, information, news, downloads and more.
- Running Linux on mini-ITX hardware is ideal for DVD/MP3 players, firewalls, mail servers, Web servers, DNS servers ... the list is endless! Find more information on this Linux Devices mini-ITX page.
- Mini-Box: Here you will find a great resource for software (including iMedia), innovative Mini-ITX and other hardware.
- Epiacenter: FAQs and forums about all things related to the Mini-ITX.
- Logic Supply: This supplier of all things for mini-ITX also provides a great FAQ and nifty power-supply calculator.
ANDY MCDONOUGH is a professional musician, composer, voice actor, enginee, and educator happily freelancing in New Jersey.