Secure Data with Simple Disk Mirroring
In this Recipe, I'll show you how to add an extra layer of protection to your client's data using RAID 1 (also known as disk mirroring) on a slick new network add-on box from Maxtor that offers dual 500-MB hard drives, and a fast 1-Gigabit Ethernet network interface that's ideal for the job.
As noted, we all have clients who wring their hands about potential data loss. Sales types, for example, may fret over the possibility of losing data on their largest accounts. Office managers and sys admins are concerned about losing company data. Truth is, they may indeed have a good reason to worry, even if they use automated backups.
As convenient and reliable as desktop or add-on drives are for backups, they are still of the same design as the mechanical devices you are trying to protect. All magnetic drives are subject to the laws of physics that lead to disk failures. That's the reality: Any magnetic drive, by its nature, is subject to failure. More precisely, every disk will fail at some point. The question is when.
For this reason, businesses with critical data should do more to protect their data. They may require RAID 1 protection, which essentially "mirrors" all their data to a second disk as a second layer of protection. By mirroring data, RAID 1 continues to make all data available immediately after a failure, so critical applications can continue to run. If you or your client's business can't interrupt business to restore missing data from backups, RAID 1 is the answer.
Until now, adding RAID 1 meant dedicating and configuring a PC with a drive array. But times are changing. RAID is now becoming available in convenient network add-on storage boxes.
Big Uses for Large Drives
Not too long ago, when hard-disk manufacturers unveiled the first 500-GB drives, I remember thinking, "What could be better than this?" But soon, manufacturers were installing these devices in desktop boxes for easy-to-add external storage. Equipped with 100 megabits-per-second (Mbps) Ethernet ports, these sleek boxes made gobs of Network Access Storage (NAS) capacity available and affordable for small-business networks, even standalone machines. In addition, easy-to-use software for automating backup was added that would let these central storage units act as automated backup boxes, thus doing away with tapes and other messy backup solutions.
Now I was thinking, "What could be better than one reliable 500-GB drive in a quiet, easy-to-install desktop box?" Simple. Two 500-GB hard drives in that same package! In fact, this past September Maxtor began delivering its Shared Storage II dual 500 GB device—yes, that equates to a 1-terabyte (TB) add-on—with fast, Gigabit Ethernet network connectivity. Shipping with the box is easy-to-install and configure software to configure the dual drives into an impressive 1-TB RAID 0 array or an ultra-safe RAID 1 mirrored configuration.
Two Disks are Better than One
Simply put, two disks are better than one. That's because from two physical 500-GB drives, you can build a RAID 1 array to have one disk mirror the other. With a RAID 1 array, you're not just backing up one point of failure to another point of failure, but to two physical drives. I'm not a statistician, but having data in three places—the workstation, backup drive, and mirrored image—makes that data almost impossible to lose. Plus, once in place, mirroring is essentially invisible to users. Should a disk fail, users see a pop-up message indicating that a disk has failed. But the mirrored data is still available and, most importantly, applications keep running.
First-time users of RAID 1 are typically surprised by how little work is needed for set-up. And once disk mirroring is set up, it requires no maintenance. There's the initial configuration of the RAID 1 array when first installing the drives. But after that, mirroring requires no additional actions or maintenance to keep a constant vigil over your client's data.
Alternatives Can Be Messy
While RAID 1 implementations require more disk space than optical storage and other alternatives, they are easier to design and install. For example, high-capacity DVDs provide a reliable format on which to preserve important data, and they may be necessary if backups need to be stored off site. But going to a typical DVD backup regimen on a regular basis soon begins to look like the old tape-backup routine. Inexperienced backup administrators quickly learn that the constant shuffling, labeling and storing of DVDs is a pain.
If you're like me, in addition to CD/DVD strategies, you've worked out other methods to add an addition layer of protection to backups. These include rotating removable drives and deploying multiple external devices. But each drive needs to be carefully handled and marked to keep backups straight. Methods like these may be unavoidable if you must store data off-site. But if your data is staying on-site, it's hard to beat the convenience and ease of disk mirroring.
About RAID 0 and 1
RAID provides a way to logically connect two or more drives into a group, or "array," for better performance or better protection. There are several flavors of RAID protection, some for use with larger arrays with many disks. The RAID type best for your use depends on the type of application you are running and whether you need greater data security or performance.
RAID types 0 and 1 are the types most likely to be implemented on NAS add-on boxes for PCs and small networks. Here's a look at the benefits and drawbacks of each:
* RAID 0: Also called "disk striping." All data is spread out in chunks across all the disks in the RAID array. Performance is great because you spread out the load of storing and retrieving data onto more physical drives. There is no parity generated for RAID 0. Therefore, there is no overhead to write data to RAID 0 disks. But RAID 0 is best for better performance, not high availability, since if either disk fails, data is not available for applications. In essence, RAID 0 effectively combines the storage of the available drives and boasts the fastest performance.
* RAID 1: Also called "disk mirroring." All the data is written to at least two separate physical disks. Once RAID 1 is running, the disks are, in effect, mirror images of each other. Should one drive fail, the data remains available from the other drive. This approach provides the highest level of data protection, but requires the most disk space—exactly double. For example, to protect a 500-GB disk, you'll need another 500-GB disk in the array. That said, mirroring is ideal for fast read operations: Data read performance is almost doubled, as consecutive reads can occur on each drive at the same time. But writing to disks is slightly slower, since the data needs to be written into each disk. About the Hardware
Maxtor's Shared Storage II device, with its dual 500-GB, 7200-RPM drives, is ideal for basic RAID 0 or RAID 1 operations.
Physically, the Shared Storage II a compact desktop or closet stackable "brick" with all connections organized to the back. Its painted aluminum case is designed to provide ample airflow when stacked, and its plastic side plates provide a stable non-slip surface for desktop use or stacking. The width is slightly smaller than that of the average PC case. The unit is fan-cooled, but still quiet.
Another version of this add-on drive is available with FireWire 400/800 and the Oxford Semiconductors 924 chipset, making it ideal for video or media applications that require speed for streaming. The capacity of this box, combined with its powerful combination of dual drives and RAID 0 and 1 implementations, make it an ideal add-on for a variety of reliable storage and backup solutions.
A plastic outer shell provides a sleek new look to Maxtor's Shared Storage line. Here's what the dual 500-MB unit looks like:
The unit has simple LEDs on the front and back panels to indicate drive status and network activity. As an additional bit of physical security, the drive case has a Kensington Security Lock Slot, so it can be securely locked in place or to other objects using optional locking steel cables and combination or key locks.
Here is a list of the unit's specifications:
- Drive Capacity: 2 x 500 MB
- Drive Format: 2 x 3.5-inch ATA
- Rotational Speed: 7200 RPM
- Cache buffer: 16 MB
- Average seek time 9.0 ms.
- Sustained transfer rate (max): USB 2.0: 33 MB/sec.
- Sustained transfer rate (max): FireWire 400/800: 43/91 MB/sec.
- Dimensions: 5.4-inch x 3.9-inch x 8.5-inch
- Weight: 5.8 lb.
- Peripheral Connection: USB 2.0/1.1
- Network Connection: 1000/100/10 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet connection
- Firmware: UpnP (Universal Plug and Play) compatible media server
- Street price: $700 to $800.
Installing the Hardware
The Maxtor Shared Storage II connects to a network with a basic Cat5 Ethernet cable to any router port or network drop. Because the unit is fan cooled, it can work in either an equipment closet or on the desktop. Once you've determined a good location, start with the three steps necessary to connect the Ethernet cable:
- Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into the network, router or switch.
- Plug the other end of the Ethernet cable into the drive's Ethernet port.
- Once connected, status LED(s) located on either side of the Ethernet port will illuminate one of two ways:
- If connected through a 10/100 cable/router, the green LED on the left side of the connector will show activity when the drive is powered on. This LED will also illuminate when connected to a Gigabit cable/router.
- If connected through a Gigabit cable/router, the amber LED on the right side of the connector will show activity when the Maxtor Shared Storage drive is powered on.
Here are the three steps for connecting the power:
- Plug the round female connector from the power adapter into the drive's power connector.
- Plug the female connector on the power cord into the power adapter.
- Plug the standard electrical plug from the power adapter into your power source.
And here are the two steps for powering up the drive:
- Press the round black button on the back panel of the drive. The green LED (light) with illuminate in the center of the power button.
- Your drive will now start. Be patient: The startup process can take as long as a full minute to complete.
Ten Steps To Installing the Software
I found Maxtor's installation software well thought out and easy to load. Here are the step to get all the software loaded:
- Insert the Maxtor Shared Storage II installation software into the CD-ROM drive of a PC connected to the network. The Select Language window will display. (If the CD does not autorun, click Start and then Run. Browse to the drive letter associated with the EasyManage CD. Click on Setup and Open and then click OK.)
- When the Select Language window opens, choose your language (English, etc.).
- From the main menu, click Install Software.
- When asked if you wish to install the software, click OK.
- The License Agreement screen will appear. Click Yes.
- The Choose Destination Location screen will appear. If you wish to change the location of the installation, do so by clicking the Browse button and selecting a new location. Click Next.
- The Setup Status screen will appear as the software is installed, followed by the InstallShield Wizard Complete screen when the installation is complete. Click Finish to restart the system.
- After system restart, EasyManage software will discover Maxtor Shared Storage drive(s) on the network segment. (In the event that No Shared Storage drives are found, refer to the Help File for available troubleshooting tips.)
- Also, if there are other Maxtor Shared Storage devices and software installed on the network, you may be able to use EasyManage to control all of them. Maxtor suggests using the EasyManage application with all Maxtor Shared Storage products where possible. See Maxtor's Knowledge Base for examples and more information.
- Once the drive is detected, a window displays informing you that the new drive has no security password set for the administrative function. To set a password for the drive, click Manage to launch the Web User Interface (Web UI). Follow the onscreen prompts in you browser to configure your Maxtor Shared Storage drive.
- When finished, close your browser to return to the Storage Manager's Settings screen. Then click Home.
Using the Web User Interface
Maxtor provides a friendly Web User Interface (Web UI) for configuring the drive. You can use it to:
- Set up the Maxtor Shared Storage drive (Language, Date/Time settings, administrative password, etc.)
- Create/Manage user accounts
- Create/Manage shared folders
- Advanced Settings: configure network settings, adjust power settings, perform diagnostics, set up USB devices (external drives, printers) and set up RAID
- View drive status
Next, to access the drives functions via Web UI, you'll need to find the drive's Network ID or IP address. There are two ways to do this:
- By Network ID:
- Each Maxtor Shared Storage drive has its own Network ID. The Network ID is located on the label located on the back panel of the Shared Storage drive and begins with the characters mss-. For example, my drive is labeled mss-0309c8. The type size is very small, so look carefully before putting the drive in a closet with low light.
- Use the Network ID to connect to your drive using your computer's Web browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.) by typing the following in the address field: http://mss-xxxxxx/, where "xxxx" is your actual ID. For example, to connect to my Shared Storage drive, I typed: http://mss-0309c8/
- By IP Address:
- Each Shared Storage drive has its own IP Address, whether it is Static (assigned from a DHCP Server) or by default (via Automatic Private IP Addressing, or APIPA). Simply type in http:// followed by the IP number. For example, if the Shared Storage drive's address were 169.254.26.69, then you would type: http://169.254.26.69
- You can also connect to the drive through Maxtor's EasyManage software. To do so, start Maxtor EasyManage software. Click Settings, Advanced and Web Page. At this point, the Web browser launches. Type in your administrative username and password for authentication. Then click OK.
- Here is the sign-on screen showing network address and asking for user name and password:
- Set Up the Drive
- Run Set-up Wizard for initial configuration of your Shared Storage drive. From the Wizard, you can:
- Change the language used by the Web UI
- Enable/configure a Network Time Protocol
- Manually set Date/Time
- Name your Shared Storage drive and assign it to a workgroup
- Create the administrative password to secure the administration of the drive
- Changing the Language
- From the Maxtor Shared Storage drive home page (yes, it's actually called "home" with a little house icon), click Run Set-up Wizard.
- Enter your language preference, today's date, and the current time. To change the date and time later, use the Advanced, Language, Date and Time settings page. To select the language, use the pull-down menu to select your language.
- Next up is the Network Time Protocol. This option allows the Maxtor Shared Storage drive to maintain time via an Internet time server. By default, this feature is disabled. Note: This feature can only be used if the drive is connected to the Internet.
- Enable/configure a Network Time Protocol
- To enable/configure the Network Time Protocol, follow these four steps:
- Click Enable.
- Choose a continent (Asia, Europe, etc.), country (USA, etc.), or a user-defined NTP server name as the default NTP server. If you use a user-defined NTP server name, enter the name in the field provided.
- Select your time zone.
- To disable the Network Time Protocol feature, click Disable, and then click Next.
- To set the date: Type in the date using the (mm/dd/yyyy) format. Note: Skip these steps if Network Time Protocol was already configured.
- To set the time: Type in the current time using the (hhss) format. Be sure to indicate either AM or PM. Then click Next.
- Next, you'll want to assign the Shared Storage drive a network name, identify the workgroup (Domain) to which it belongs, and add/change the administrator password for your drive.
- To set the name of your Shared Storage drive, enter the name of your choice in the Name field.
- To Set the Workgroup (domain) that you would like your drive to be in, simply enter the Workgroup (domain) name of your choice in the Workgroup field.
- Creating the Admin Password
- To set an administrator password, follow these five steps:
- Select the Yes button to indicate that you want to have a password on the Administrator account.
- Type in the new password, and verify the password by retyping it.
- Click Next. If you do not want an administrator password, select No, then click Next.
- You will be prompted to authenticate using the administrator's name (admin), then type the newly created administrator password. Do it. Then click OK.
- After completing the Set-up Wizard, you should see a Congratulations message, followed by an overview of all of the settings that were made. Take a minute to either print or write down the information for future reference. To print the summary of the configuration of your Shared Storage drive, simply click the print icon.
- Configuring RAID
- Use the following six steps to configure a RAID 1 (Mirrored) Redundant Volume from the Web UI Advanced Settings Page:
- Select RAID Settings.
- From the RAID Settings page, select the Mirroring " Redundancy (xxx.x Gigabytes)* button. ("x" denotes the capacity of the RAID 1 volume).
- Choose Next.
- A warning will appear stating that by changing RAID settings, all data will be erased on your Shared Storage drive. Select Yes to configure the RAID 1 volume. This process may take five to 15 minutes to complete.
- Once the volume is created, the RAID 1 mirror has to build. This process will take approximately three or four hours to complete. Do not interrupt the build process; doing so will delay the creation of the RAID array.
- When finished, choose Done, and return to the Advanced Settings page.
- The following screen shows the RAID set-up in progress:
- Once RAID is configured, you can set up accounts; shared folders; protected access; backup and restore and media file management using the Web UI. Details can be found in the Web User Interface section of the Maxtor Shared Storage II user's guide.
- Servicing the Box
- Maxtor's 1-TB add-on is not field-serviceable. System builders should be aware that Maxtor engineers advise that the unit should not be opened for disk replacement. That is to say, the drives are not replaceable. Should a disk failure occur in the first year of operation, Maxtor will replace it under warrantee, but, past that, users are advised to replace the unit.
- Once the system is up and running, there is little to do but use the Web UI to check in on the disks' status from time to time. That way, you'll be sure both disks in your RAID 1 array are running. You may also want to defrag occasionally to keep the array's performance high.
- With RAID 1 in place, even your most nervous client should feel better. In fact, they may need to find something new to worry about!
- ANDY MCDONOUGH is a professional musician, composer, voice actor, engineer, and educator happily freelancing in New Jersey.